Ábrajegyzék

1. ábra: A humanitárius élelmiszer-segélyezés eszközrendszerei. Saját szerkesztés.

Felhasznált irodalom

• Adams, Lesly – Winahyu, Retno (2006): Learning from Cash Responses to the Tsunami, HPG Background Paper, Overseas Development Institute, https://www. ennonline.net/attachments/870/learning-cash-responses-tsunami.pdf (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Adato, Michelle – Bassett, Lucy (2008): What is the Potential of Cash Transfers to Strengthen Families Affected by HIV and AIDS? A Review of the Evidence on Impacts and Key Policy Debates, Washington D.C., International Food Policy Research Institute.
• Adeso (2012): Risk aversion and cash in the 2011 Somalia famine, Humanitarian Practice Network, https://odihpn.org/publication/risk-aversion-and-cash-in-the- 2011-somalia-famine/ (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Anders, Molly (2017): DFID’s approach to cash transfers, Time to ’learn by doing?’, Devex, https://www.devex.com/news/dfid-s-approach-to-cash-transfers-time- to-learn-by-doing-90755 (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Bailey, Sarah (2013): The Impact of Cash Transfers on Food Consumption in Humanitarian Settings, A review of evidence, Study for the Canadian Foodgrains Bank, https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/cfgb-impact-of-cash-transfers-on-food-consumption-may-2013-final-clean.pdf (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Barrett, Christopher B. – Maxwell, Daniel G. (2005): Food Aid After Fifty Years, Recasting its Role, New York – London, Routledge.
• Betts, Alexander – Collier, Paul (2017): Refuge – Rethinking Refugee Policy in a Changing World, New York, Oxford University Press.
• CALP (2020): The State of the World’s Cash 2020, Cash and Voucher Assistance in Humanitarian Aid, The Cash Learning Partnership, https://www.calpnetwork. org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/SOWC2020_Full-report.pdf (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Collier, Paul – Elliott, W. L. – Hegre, Håvard – Hoeffler, Anke – Reynal-Querol, Martha – Sambanis, Nicholas (2003): Breaking the Conflict Trap, Civil War and Development Policy, Washington, D.C. – Oxford – New York, World Bank and Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/e504012013-001
• Collier, Paul – Hoeffler, Anke (2004): Gried and grievance in civil war, Oxford Economic Papers, 56 (4), 563–595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpf064
• Creti, Pantaleo – Jaspars, Susanne (2006): Cash Transfers Programming in Emergencies, Oxfam GB, Eynsham, Information Press, https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository. com/bitstream/handle/10546/115356/bk-cash-transfer-programming-010206-   en.pdf;jsessionid=6D123BBB2C8767C97A19D9210E93027B?sequence=8 (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Crisp, Jeffrey (2001): Mind the Gap! UNHCR, Humanitarian Assistance and the Development Process, New Issues in Refugee Research, Working Paper No. 43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00010.x
• Devereux, Stephen – Jere, Paul (2008): ’Choice, Dignity and Empowerment’, Cash and Food Transfers in Swaziland, An Evaluation of Save the Children’s Emergency Drought Response, 2007/08, Save the Children Swaziland.
• De Waal, Alex (2018): Mass Starvation, The History and Future of Famine, Cambridge, Polity Press.
• Dréze, Jean – Sen, Amartya (1990): The Political Economy of Hunger, Oxford – New York, Oxford University Press.
• ECHO (2013a): The Use of Cash and Vouchers in Humanitarian Crises, DG ECHO funding guidelines, European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/ policies/sectoral/ECHO_Cash_Vouchers_Guidelines.pdf (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• ECHO (2013b): Humanitarian Food Assistance, From Food Aid to Food Assistance, DG ECHO Thematic Policy Document No. 1, European Commission.
• Etzold, Benjamin – Belloni, Milena – King, Russel – Kraler, Albert – Pastore, Feruccio (2019): Transnational Figurations of Displacement, Conceptualising protracted displacement and translocal connectivity through a process-oriented perspective (TRAFIG Working paper 1/2019), Bonn, BICC. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.5840818
• FAO (2012): Cash-for-Work in Somalia: linking relief to recovery, Rome, FAO.
• FAO – IFAD – UNICEF – WFP – WHO (2017): The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017, Building Resilience for Peace and Food Security, Rome, FAO.
• Garcia, Marito – Moore, Charity (2012): The Cash Dividend, The Rise of Cash Transfer Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa, Washington, D.C., World Bank. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8897-6
• Gentilini, Ugo (2016a): The Other Side of the Coin. The Comparative Evidence of Cash and In-Kind Transfers in Humanitarian Situations, Washington D.C., The World Bank Group. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0910-1
• Gentilini, Ugo (2016b): The Revival of the „Cash versus Food” Debate. New Evidence for an Old Quandary?, Policy Research Working Paper, World Bank Group,   https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/ the0revival0of0or0an0old0quandary00.pdf (letöltve: 2024. 04. 28.).
• Glombitza, K. F. (2010): Cash Transfer Pilot Project in Buner District, NWFP, Pakistan. Consultancy Report.
• Gore, Radhika – Patel, Mahesh (2006): Cash transfers in emergencies, A review drawing upon the tsunami and other experience, Social Policy and Economic Analysis, Bangkok, UNICEF East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office, https://www.calpnetwork. org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/cash_transfers_in_emergencies_-_a_review_   drawing_upon_the_tsunami_and_other_experience.pdf (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Guli, Alfred Ecega – Barakagira, Alex – Zombeire, Regis (2023): Humanitarian Food Assistance and Nutrition Outcomes among Refugees, A Historical Perspective, Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 29 (1), 26–37. DOI: https://doi. org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i11723
• Gustafson, Sarah (2013): Cash vs. Food. Measuring the Effectiveness of Food Assistance, Food Security Portal, IFPRI, https://www.foodsecurityportal.org/blog/cash-vs- food-measuring-effectiveness-food-assistance (letöltve: 2024. 04. 28.).
• Hagen-Zanker, Jessica – Ulrichs, Martina – Holmes, Rebecca – Nimeh, Zina (2017): Cash transfers for refugees, The economic and social effects of a programme in Jordan, London, ODI, https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/58bd72de4.pdf (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Harvey, Paul – Bailey, Sarah (2011): Cash Transfer Programming in Emergencies, Overseas Development Institute – The Cash Learning Programme.
• Harvey, Paul – Proudlock, Karen – Clay, Edward – Riley, Barry – Jaspars, Susanne (2010): Food aid and food assistance in emergency and transitional contexts, A review of current thinking, London, Overseas Development Institute, Humanitarian Policy Group,  https://reliefweb.int/report/world/food-aid-and-food-assistance- emergency-and-transitional-contexts-review-current (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Hedlund, Kerren – Majid, Nisar – Maxwell, Daniel – Nicholson, Nigel (2013): Final Evaluation of the Unconditional Cash and Voucher Response to the Crisis 2011–12 in Southern and Central Somalia, New York, UNICEF, https://www.calpnetwork. org/publication/final-evaluation-of-the-unconditional-cash-and-voucher-  response-to-the-2011-12-crisis-in-southern-and-central-somalia/ (letöltve: 2023. 21.).
• Hidrobo, Melissa – Hoddinott, John – Margolies, Amy – Moreira Vanessa – Peterman, Amber (2012): Impact Evaluation of Cash, Food Vouchers, and Food Transfers among Colombian Refugees and Poor Ecuadorians in Carchi and Sucumbíos, Final Report, International Food Policy Research Institute – WFP, https://www.calpnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/final-report-10-17-2012.pdf (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Jayasuriya, Sisira – McCawley, Peter (2010): The Asian Tsunami, Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster, Tokyo, Asian Development Bank Institute. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.4337/9781849806831.00008
• Kacziba Péter (2017): A békeépítés elméleti és kivitelezési vázlata, Hadtudományi Szemle, 10 (2), 105–125.
• Kaldor, Mary (2012): New and Old Wars, Organised Violence in a Global Era, Cambridge, Polity Press.
• Kiss Judit (2018): A donorközösség átalakulása: az új donorok megjelenése, in Kiss Judit (szerk.): Nemzetközi segélyezés a 21. század elején – új irányok, új lehetőségek, Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 51–81. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1556/9789634543442
• Lentz, Erin C. – Barrett Chirstopher B. – Gómez Miguel I. – Maxwell, Daniel G. (2013): On the Choice and Impacts of Innovative International Food Assistance Instruments, World Development, 49, 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. worlddev.2013.01.016
• Lie, John Harald Sande (2020): The humanitarian-development nexus: humanitarian principles, practice, and pragmatics, Journal of International Humanitarian Action, 5(18). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-020-00086-0
• Lischer, Sarah (2005): Dangerous Sanctuaries, Refugee Camps, Civil War, and the Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
• Mary, Sebastien – Mishra, Ashok K. (2020): Humanitarian food aid and civil conflict, World Development, 126 (104713). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. worlddev.2019.104713
• Maxwell, Daniel – Sadler, Kate – Sim, Amanda – Mutony, Mercy – Egan, Rebecca – Webster, Mackinnon (2008): Emergency Food Security Interventions, London, Humanitarian Practice Network, Overseas Development Institute.
• Nunn, Nathan – Qian, Nancy (2014): US Food Aid and Civil Conflict, American Economic Review, 104 (6), 1630–1666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/ aer.104.6.1630
• OCHA (2023): Annual Report 2022, Geneva, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, https://annualreport.unocha.org/ (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• OECD (2005): The Development Effectiveness of Food Aid, Does Tying Aid Matter?, Paris, OECD.
• Omamo, Steven Were – Gentilini, Ugo – Sandström, Susanna (2010): Revolution, From Food Aid to Food Assistance, Innovations in Overcoming Hunger, Rome, WFP.
• Oxfam (2011): Donors and governments fail to deliver on East Africa aid effort, Nairobi, Oxfam International.
• Paragi Beáta (2016): Hegemonic Solidarity? NGO Perceptions on Power, Solidarity, and Cooperation with Their Donors, Alternatives, 41 (2), 98–115. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1177/0304375416684855
• Peters, Koen – Fleuren, Hein – den Hertog, Dick – Kavelj, Mirjana – Silva, Sérgio – Gonçalves, Rui – Ergun, Ozlem – Soldner, Mallory (2016): The Nutritious Supply Chain, Optimizing Humanitarian Food Aid, CentER Discussion Paper Series, No. 2016-044, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2880438
• Rinaldi, Sergio – Gragnani, Alessandra – Moro, Franceso niccolò – Della Rossa, Fabio (2022): A theoretical analysis of complex armed conflicts, PLoS ONE, 17 (3), e0264418. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264418
• Salti, Nisreen – Chabaan, Jad – Moussa, Wael – Irani, Alexandra – Al Mokdad, Rima – Jamaluddine, Zeina – Ghattas, Hala (2022): The impact of cash transfers on Syrian refugees in Lebanon, Evidence from a multidimensional regression discontinuity design, Journal of Development Economics, 155 (102803). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102803
• Shaw, D. John (2011): The World’s Largest Humanitarian Agency – The Transformation of the UN World Food Programme and of Food Aid, New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
• Shusterman, Jeremy (2019): Gap or prehistoric monster? A history of the humanitarian-development nexus at UNICEF, Disasters, 45 (2). DOI: https://doi. org/10.1111/disa.12427
• Solymári Dániel – Gibárti Sára (2023): Migration Motivation and Psychosocial Issues of Internally Displaced People, A Close-up from Homs, Syria, Journal of Regional Security, 18 (1), 97–120. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jrs18-40300
• Swartz, Haley (2017): Food aid vs. food assistance in conflict areas, The case of the 2017 famine in South Sudan, Perspectives – A Publication of the International Development Program, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University.
• Tappis, Hannah – Doocy, Shannon (2018): The effectiveness and value for money of cash-based humanitarian assistance, A systematic review, Journal of Development Effectiveness, 10 (1), 121–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2017.1363804
• Tarrósy István (2019): A kínai „Övezet és Út Kezdeményezés” és Kelet-Afrika: geopolitikai térnyerés, infrastruktúra, függőség, Területi Statisztika, 59 (6), 669–692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15196/TS590604
• Teklu, Tesfaye (1994): The Prevention and Mitigation of Famine, Policy Lessons from Botswana and Sudan, Disasters, 18 (1), 35–47. DOI: https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00283.x
• The Conversation (2020): Cash transfers can help refugees, but they also carry risks, Insights from Kenya, 2020. szeptember 22., https://theconversation. com/cash-transfers-can-help-refugees-but-they-also-carry-risks-insights-from- kenya-145470 (letöltve: 2023. 12. 22.).
• The Economist (2018): Cash is replacing other forms of aid, even in conflict zones, The Economist, 2018. november 3., https://www.economist.com/finance-and- economics/2018/11/03/cash-is-replacing-other-forms-of-aid-even-in-conflict-  zones (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Tholstrup, Sophie (2018): Opinion: 5 ways cash transfers are improving humanitarian response, Devex, https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-5-ways-cash-transfers- are-improving-humanitarian-response-91882 (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• UNHCR (2015): Operational Guidelines for Cash-Based Interventions in Displacement Settings, UNHCR, https://reliefweb.int/report/world/operational-guidelines- cash-based-interventions-displacement-settings (letöltve: 2024. 04. 28.).
• UNHCR (2019): UNHCR Implementation of the Policy on Cash Based Interventions 2016– 2019, Geneva, UNHCR, https://www.unhcr.org/5dde6f0d4.pdf (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• UNHCR (2021): Global Trends – Forced Displacement in 2020, Copenhagen, UNHCR Global  Data  Service,  https://www.unhcr.org/60b638e37/unhcr-global- trends-2020 (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• Walker, Peter – Maxwell, Daniel (2008): Shaping the Humanitarian World, New York, Routledge Global Institutions.
• WFP – Oxfam (2013): Engaging with markets in humanitarian responses, WFP – Oxfam, https://www.ennonline.net/attachments/1423/wfp-oxfam-gb-brief.pdf     (letöltve: 2023. 12. 22.).
• WFP – USAID (2016): Cash/Food – A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of food assistance modalities in refugee settlements, WFP Uganda – Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, WFP – USAID.
• WFP – USAID (2022): Cash and In-Kind Transfers in Humanitarian Settings, WFP – USAID – Transform Development, https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/ WFP-0000137553/download/?_ga=2.124403340.707101336.1714302876- 425186051.1709110168 (letöltve: 2023. 12. 21.).
• World Bank (2016): Cash Transfers in Humanitarian Contexts, Strategic Note, Washington D.C., The World Bank Group.
• Zetter, Roger (2021): Theorizing the Refugee Humanitarian-development Nexus, A Political-economy Analysis, Journal of Refugee Studies, 34 (2), 1766–1786. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez070